Metal reinforce.



v .IZi'weSSear A. L. JOHNSON.

METAL REINFORGE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20,1907.

Patented Apr. 6, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. L. JOHNSON.

METAL REINFORUE.

APPLIUATION TILED SEPT. 20,1907.

Patented Apr. 6, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 A. L. JOHNSON. -mm]; REINFOROE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20,1907.

2 w Mg m 9 Z A. L. JOHNSON. METAL RIEINPORGE. APPLIOATION FILED SEPT.20,1907.

Patented Apr. 6,1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

- To all whom it may concern:

, tail plan view of the wing oft e bar illusthe city of St. Louis andState of Missouri,

- forms of rolled cores with the planes along which the wings arepreferably sheared indi- ALBERT L. JOHNSON, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

METAL nnmroncn.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 20, 1907. Serial No. 898,782.

Patented April 6, 190a.

Be it known that I, ALBERT L. JOHNSON, a citlzen of the United States,and a resident of have invented a new and useful Im rovement in MetalReinforces, of which t e following is a specification.

Heretofore, a metal core for reinforcing concrete has been formed bylongitudinally slitting the margins of a metal bar and turning up thewings thus formed without severing t em from thebody ortion of the bar.The turned up wings 0 such reinforcing cores were intended totake careof the diagonal tension stresses or shear in -beams and other similarstructures. In ractice, however, it was found that sue Wings wereunsatisfactory, especially in deep beams. In deep beams, the diagonaltension or shearing stresses are roportionately reater than they are inshal ower beams, whi e the wings of the reinforce hereinbeforereferredto are necessarily fewer and farther apart, whereas they should be morenumerous and closer together.

. The purpose of the present invention is to overcome some of thedefects of the type of reinforce above described.

The invention consists principally in increasing the number of wingsbeyond what has heretofore been practicable, and alsoin providing meansfor mechanically bonding said wings so as to develop the full tensilestrength thereof. 4

In the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification, andwherein like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur, Figure 1is an isometrical projection or perspective view of a reinforcing coreembodying my invention, the middle portion being broken away Figs. 2 to16, inclusive, are perspective views illustrating various cated indotted lines thereon;Fi 17 is a detrated in Fig. 7; and, Figs. 18, 19and 20 are cross-sectional views of said wing on the dotted lines 1818,19*19 and 20-20, of Fig. 17; Fig. 21 is a plan View of a wing of the barillustrated in Fig. 15.

T he present reinforce comprises a main body portion 1 ofany suitablecross section that is substantially uniform throughout its length. Thisbody portion has laterally projecting wing portions 2 on opposite sidesand depressions at all thereof, each of which is adapted to be severedfrom the body portion longitudinally without affecting its integralconnection therewith at the end. Both the body portion and the wings areformed with elevations 3 and depressions 4 of the surfaces to secure afirm mechanical bond between the metal and the concrete. Preferably, theshoulders formed by the elevations and depressions are arrangedtransversely to the axis of the bar at an angle less than the angle offriction for concrete and metal. Preferably, also, the arrangement ofthe elevations and depressions is such that the elevations oints in thesame transverse plane mutua ly compensate for each other so as to makethe sectional area of the wing uniform throughout its length andlikewise make the cross-sectional area of the body portion substantiallyuniform throughout its length. In the case of the body portion, however,there is necessarily a surplus of metal in the margin ad acent to thefixed end of the wings. So, too, it may be desirable to shear themembers in such a way that the wings taper toward their inner ends.

In the constructions illustrated in 2, 7 and 15, a special provision ismade or a wing 5 extending from the topmost portion of the body of thecore. In these instances, the body has a comparatively thin projection 6along its upper surface so arranged that it can. be shearedhorizontally, that is to say, in a plane at right angles to the shearinglanes of the other wings. The wing 5 thus formed, when upturned, lies inthe plane of the axis of thebody portion, and, on account of its beingjoined to thebody at the highest part of said body, it will extendhigher than a wing of the same length attached to the side of the body.The purpose of such wings is to resist the so-called shear or diagonaltension in the portion of. a beam above its neutral axis, and the highera wing extends the more effective it is in takingcare of this stress. Inorder todevelo the full tensile strength ofthe wing, it shou d extend.so far upwardly past the neutral axis that the skin. friction of theconcrete on a plain bar orthe shearing resistance of the portions ofconcrete interlocking with a corrugated bar shall equal the tensilestrength of the wing. If two wings of equal section extend the samedistance above the neutral axis,

they will be equally effective in resisting the shear or diagonaltension whether they join the body of the bar at a greater or lessdistance below the neutral axis. In other words, a wing turned up fromthe top of the bod is more effective 1n resisting the diagona tensionthan a wing of the same length attached at the side of the body, and isequally as effective as a longer wing attached at the side.- Therefore,by attaching the Wings at the top of the body, a given weight of metalma be formed with a greater number of equa ly effective wings or anequalstantially uniform cross-section may be secured for the body of thereinforce and for thewings thereof. In Fig. 2, the compensation of eachof the side wings is effected by correlatingl the ribs or elevations ofone face 0 posite t e depressions of the op osite face t ereof, theshoulders bein at su stantially right angles to the axis 0 the wing. The

7 same is true with respect to the construction 'of Fig. 3.

In the construction shown in Flgs. 4 and 5, the outer portion of thewing is of circular section, w provided with elevations and depressionsarranged to mutually compensate. The wings shown in Fig. 6 illustrate amodification of the construction shown in Fig. 1. The. wings illustratedin Figs. 7 ,8 9, 13 and 14 accomplish the compensation 'by arranging theelevations and depressions at inclinations, as illustrated in Figs.17,18, 19 and 20, and is more fully described in Letters Patent toJohnson, Nos.858,517 and 858,518, dated July 2, 1907. In theconstruction illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14, the outer portionv of thewing is of circular section and the ribs and depressions are arrangedthereon as in the case of flat surfaces. Figs. 10, 11 and 12 illustratevarious arrangements of mchned ribs arranged to secure a firm 'mechamcalbond without altering the uniformity of the section of the wing.

Obviously, my

siderable variation in'designs and I do not wish to be restricted to theexact construction illustrated in the accompanying drawingsv.

. hat I claim as m invention and desire to secure by Letters atent is:

1. A. metal reinforce com rising a body portion and upwardl incline winsintegral therewith, the wings eing provide with elevations anddepressions arranged to render the cross-sectional area of the wingssubstan- 'tially uniform throughout their length without afiecting thealinement of the main portion of such sectional area.

2. A metal reinforce comprising a body tuting shou ose surface is ofsaid wings invention admits of con-' portion and upwardly inclined wingsintegral therewith, both the body portion and the Wings being providedwith elevations and depressions arranged to mutually compensate for eachother without afiecting the alinement of the main portion of suchsectional area. I

3. A metal reinforce comprising a main portion and elongated wingsintegral therewith and inclining from said main portion upwardly andoutwardly-toward the res active.

ends of said main portion, said wings avin alternate elevations and deressions forme thereon without afiectin' 31c alinement of the central1portion of sai wings and constithe axis of the wing is less than theangle of friction between the metal and theconcrete.

ders thereon whose inclination to 4. A metal reinforce comprising a mainbody portion and elon ated wings integral therewith and inclining romsaid main body portion upwardly and outwardly toward the v res ectlveends of said main body portion",

hot the body portion and the wings havin 4 alternateelevations and derlessions formed thereon without afiectingi 1t e alipement of thecentral ortionof sai ,wings'and'const tuting shou ders thereonwhosamclination to the axis of the corresponding body or wing is lessthan the angle of friction between the metal and concrete.

5. A metal reinforce com rising a body portion and upwardly inclinetherewith, the wings havin alternate plevations and depressions formethereon without affecting the alinement o the centralportion and contituting shoulders thereon whose inclination to the axis at the wing isless than the angle of friction between the metal and depressions. beingarranged to render the cross-sectional area of the wing substantiallyuniform throughout its length.

6. A metal reinforce comprisin a body portion and sets of wings integralt erewith, one set of said wings being turned u in the plane of the bodyportion and the ot or sets of wings being attached at body portion andturned u parallelto the plane of the first mentione set of win s.

7. A metal. reinforce comprising a ody portion and a dplurality ofindependent u wardly incline wings attached thereto, t e wings beingturned up in the lane of the body portion'and having elevations anddepressions arranged to mutually compensate without affecting thealinement of the mam sectional area of the wings.

8. A metal reinforce compr sing a body concrete the elevations andv theside of the wings integral thereon without af area of the wings andconstituting shoulders thereon whose inclination to the axis of thewingis less than the angle of friction between the metal and concrete.

9. A metal reinforce oompiisin a thick core and sets of u Wardlyinclined nhs turned Up in three para lel planes, the rihs 0f the outersets being integral with the core at its sides, and the ribs of themiddle set hein integral with said core at its top, and the a ine mentof the main sectional area of said core being unaffected by theformation of said wings, all of said wings being provided withelevations and depressions.

In testimony whereof, I have signed'my name to this specification in thepresence of two suhscribing'witnesses this 4th day of September, 1907.

ALBERT L. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

HANSON C. CoxE, JOHN BAKER.

